15 types de tulipes : variétés, styles et conseils pour bien les choisir
Tulipes simples, doubles, botaniques, perroquet ou frangées… Il existe une multitude de types de tulipes, aux formes et floraisons très différentes. Ce guide passe en revue les 15 grands groupes de tulipes, avec leurs particularités et des conseils pour bien les choisir au jardin.
Table des matières
Quand on dit tulipe, on n’a rien dit ! Il en existe une telle multiplicité de variétés et d’espèces. Les bulbes sont arrivés en Europe au XVIIe siècle. Depuis, les obtenteurs ont multiplié les variétés. On en compte plus de 3 000 aujourd’hui. Elles se déclinent dans des formes très variées… Cette diversité est telle que les botanistes ont décidé de les diviser en 15 groupes pour s’y retrouver. Les tulipes ont ainsi été réparties selon leurs caractéristiques florales. Ces dénominations vous permettront de faire votre choix d’autant qu’il est possible de les planter jusque fin décembre. Dès le printemps suivant, Au retour des beaux jours, les tulipes viendront s’épanouir, aux côtés des arbres à floraison printanière qui structurent le jardin.
Mars et avril, les premières tulipes du printemps
Simples hâtives
Comme leur nom l’indique, ces plantes de 15 à 45 cm de hauteur s’épanouissent en mars. Les fleurs, souvent simples, se déclinent généralement en couleurs vives. Certaines variétés affichent cependant des tons pastels comme ici avec ‘Apricot Beauty’.
Fosteriana
Venues d’Asie Centrale ces tulipes possèdent un feuillage vert clair, parfois marqué de rouge pourpré, d’où émergent, en mars-avril, des fleurs simples et globuleuses de 8 à 12 cm de diamètre. Elles sont blanches, jaunes ou rouges parfois flammées d’une autre couleur.
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Les fleurs, souvent simples, se déclinent généralement en couleurs vives. Certaines variétés affichent cependant des tons pastels comme ici avec ‘Apricot Beauty’.\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t"}]}](https://latetedanslespaquerettes.fr/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/tulipa-greigii.jpg)
Greigii
Proche des tulipes botaniques, le groupe greigii se distingue par son feuillage aux bords ondulés gris-bleu, panachés de brun. En mars et avril, les fleurs sont simples globuleuses de 6 à 10 cm de diamètre. Les différentes variétés proposent généralement des coloris tels que le rouge, le jaune et le blanc.
Kaufmanniana
De petites tailles – elles ne mesurent pas plus de 30 cm de hauteur – les tulipes du groupe Kaufmanniana sont reconnaissables à leur fleur en forme de nénuphar. Elles fleurissent tôt, en mars, avril. Les fleurs simples globuleuses de 8 à 10 cm de diamètre sont souvent multicolores et très colorées à la base.
Doubles hâtives
Autre groupe. Les doubles hâtives fleurissent également tôt, en avril. Elles se hissent jusqu’à 40 cm de hauteur. Les fleurs de 5 à 8 cm de diamètre sont grandes, rondes et doubles. Elles affichent des coloris allant du rouge au blanc en passant par le jaune ou le rose.
Triomphes
Groupe fleurissant vers la mi-avril, les Triomphes ou Triumph sont issues d‘un croisement entre des tulipes simples hâtives et tardives. Les fleurs simples de 4 à 6 cm de diamètre proposent une vaste gamme de couleurs dont le pourpre foncé, le rouge, le rose, le jaune ou le blanc. Hauteur : jusqu’à 60 cm. Citons la tulipe ‘Unique de France’ créée en 2002.
Fleurs de lys
Le groupe fleur de lys est reconnaissable à ses élégantes fleurs de 4 à 8 cm de diamètre qui apparaissent également fin avril. L’extrémité des inflorescences est effilée, parfois bordée d’un fin liseré flammé ou de couleur. Leurs coloris ? Du blanc au rouge en passant par le jaune et le rose. Hauteur de 45 à 65 cm.
Darwin
Les hybrides Darwin ont une floraison plus tardive, fin avril, début mai. Les fleurs rondes et grandes, de 5 à 7 cm de diamètre, se dressent à 50 ou 60 cm de hauteur. Elles sont souvent très colorées : du jaune, du rose, de l’orange ou encore du rouge. C’est le cas de la variété ‘Van Eijk’.
Les tulipes de fin de printemps
Rembrandt
Les tulipes Rembrandt sont nées à l’époque du peintre hollandais du même nom. À cette époque, leurs stries étaient dues à un virus. Saines désormais, ces grandes tulipes présentent, début mai, des fleurs simples en coupe de 5 à 8 cm de diamètre. Elles sont blanches, jaune ou rouge marquées de rayures ou de flammes noires, brunes, bronze ou pourpre.
Simples tardives
Les simples tardives développent, en mai, des fleurs en coupe ou en gobelet de 5 à 7 cm de diamètre. Hautes de 45 à 75 cm, les tiges peuvent porter plusieurs fleurs. La palette de coloris est vaste : blanc comme ‘Maureen’, jaune, rose, rouge voire noir à l’image de ‘Queen of The Night’.
Frangées
Le groupe des frangées, également dénommé ‘Crispa’ ou dentelle, rassemble des grandes tulipes à fleurs simples, voire doubles pour certaines obtentions récentes. Elles se distinguent par leur texture satinée et le bord supérieur dentelé, comme marqué de cristaux de givre. L’origine de cette particularité n’est pas connue. Elles fleurissent pendant tout le mois de mai. La palette des coloris est presque infinie.
Perroquets
Les perroquets ou perrot en anglais possèdent des fleurs simples, en coupe, de 6 à 10 cm de diamètre. Elles apparaissent en mai et sont surtout connues pour leurs formes exceptionnelles : leurs pétales sont découpés, frisés et parfois retournés. Côté coloris, on retrouve du blanc, du rose, du rouge et du pourpre.
Doubles tardives
Les Doubles Tardives se reconnaissent à leurs fleurs en coupe ouverte, d’où leur nom souvent employé de tulipes à à fleurs de pivoine. Les fleurs énormes se dressent au sommet de tiges hautes de 40 cm. Perchée sur les tiges solides bien au-dessus des feuilles largement lancéolées, les fleurs sont toutes différentes mais elles ont en commun des coloris très tendres. Elles fleurissent en avril-mai.
Viridiflora
Les tulipes viridiflora forment le groupe de tulipes ayant le plus faible nombre de variétés. Les fleurs émergent en mai des tiges de 40 à 55 cm de hauteur. De 5 à 8 cm de diamètre, elles sont simples, en coupe ou presque globuleuses. Ce qui rend ces tulipes si originales, c’est qu’elles sont, au départ, entièrement vertes. Puis le vert s’estompe pour ne devenir qu’une bande ou une flamme sur le dos des pétales. Ces dernières prennent alors toute sorte de couleurs. Elles s’épanouissent fin mai.
Les tulipes botaniques, tout un univers
Les tulipes diverses : ce dernier groupe rassemble notamment les tulipes botaniques. Il en existe plus d’une centaine d’espèces. La plupart d’entre elles sont rustiques et fleurissent tôt au printemps.
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